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Emergency lighting is mandatory in all public buildings, workplaces with more than 5 persons, and residential buildings. The CSN EN 1838 standard defines: escape routes minimum 1 lx, exits and staircases 5 lx, first aid and fire extinguisher locations 5 lx. Operating duration at least 1 hour, 3 hours for tall buildings. Activation within 15 seconds (0.5 s for hazardous areas). Regular testing: functional test monthly, capacity test annually. Everything must be documented in the operating logbook.
A central system has one large battery powering all luminaires - advantages: simpler maintenance, longer battery life, option for extended operating time. Disadvantages: higher initial cost, more complex installation. A decentralized system has a battery in each luminaire - advantages: lower initial investment, easy installation, gradual replacement. Disadvantages: more batteries to maintain, shorter lifespan (3-4 years). A combined system leverages the advantages of both.
Emergency luminaires are placed: above every door leading to an escape route, at every change of direction, at every staircase, at floor level changes, at corridor intersections, near fire extinguishers and alarm buttons (within 2 m), near first aid kits and safety equipment. Maximum spacing between luminaires in a corridor is 15 m. Installation height 2-2.5 m above the floor. Pictograms must be visible from the required distance (200x the pictogram height).
LED emergency lighting has many advantages: low consumption = longer operating time with the same battery or a smaller battery, lifespan of 50,000+ hours = minimal maintenance, instant activation at full power, resistance to vibrations and impacts, compact luminaire dimensions, autotest functionality with diagnostics, compatibility with intelligent building systems. Modern LED emergency luminaires achieve efficiency of up to 150 lm/W compared to 30 lm/W for older incandescent types.
Testing is a legal obligation: monthly functional test - activation for 10 minutes, brightness check. Annual capacity test - full battery discharge, measurement of operating time. Everything is recorded in the operating logbook. Modern systems have autotest functionality - they test automatically and report faults. Maintenance includes: cleaning luminaires twice a year, battery replacement after 3-4 years (central systems 10 years), checking pictograms and their legibility. A service company can perform regular inspections.
